Articles Of Confederation Essays - United States, Government

Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation was the principal constitution of the United States of America. The Articles of Confederation were first drafted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1777. This first draft was set up by a man named John Dickinson in 1776. The Articles were then confirmed in 1781. The reason for the changes to be made was because of state jealousies and boundless doubt of the focal power. This desire at that point prompted the undermining of the archive. As embraced, the articles gave distinctly to a firm alliance of fellowship in which every one of the 13 states explicitly held its power, opportunity, and autonomy. The People of each state were given equivalent benefits and rights, opportunity of development was ensured, and strategies for the preliminaries of blamed lawbreakers were illustrated. The articles set up a national governing body called the Congress, comprising of two to seven representatives from each express; each state had one vote, as indicated by its size or populace. No official or legal branches were given for. Congress was accused of obligation regarding leading remote relations, proclaiming war or harmony, keeping up a military and naval force, settling limit debates, building up and keeping up a postal assistance, and different lesser capacities. A portion of these obligations were common with the states, and somehow Congress was reliant upon the collaboration of the states for completing any of them. Four noticeable shortcomings of the articles, aside from those of association, made it outlandish for Congress to execute its sacred obligations. These were broke down in numbers 15-22 of The FEDERALIST, the political expositions in which Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay contended the case for the U.S. CONSTITUTION of 1787. The first shortcoming was that Congress could administer just for states, not for people; in view of this it couldn't authorize enactment. Second, Congress had no capacity to burden. it was to survey its costs and gap those among the states based on the estimation of land. States were at that point to burden their own residents to collect the cash for these costs and surrender the returns to Congress. They could not be compelled to do as such, and by and by they once in a while met their commitments. Third, Congress came up short on the ability to control business - without its capacity to direct outside relations was a bit much, since most settlements with the exception of those of harmony were concerned basically with exchange. The fourth shortcoming guaranteed the end of the Confederation by making it too hard to even think about correcting the initial three. Revisions could have remedied any of the shortcomings, yet changes required endorsement by every one of the 13 state governing bodies. None of the a few changes that were proposed met that prerequisite. On the days from September 11, 1786 to September 14, 1786, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia had a gathering of there delegates at the Annapolis Show. Too hardly any states were spoken to complete the unique motivation behind the gathering - to talk about the guideline of interstate trade - yet there was a bigger theme at question, explicitly, the shortcoming of the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton effectively proposed that the states be welcome to send representatives to Philadelphia to render the constitution of the Federal Government sufficient to the exigencies of the Union. subsequently, the Established Convention was held in May 1787. The Constitutional Convention, which composed the Constitution of the United States, was held in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. It was called by the Continental Congress furthermore, a few states in light of the normal liquidation of Congress and a feeling of frenzy emerging from an outfitted revolt- - Shays' Rebellion- - in New England. The show's alloted work, following proposition made at the Annapolis Show the past September, was to make alterations to the Articles of Confederation. The representatives, be that as it may, promptly began composing another constitution. Fifty-five representatives speaking to 12 states joined in in any event part of the meetings. Thirty-four of them were legal advisors; the greater part of the others were grower or vendors. Despite the fact that George Washington, who directed, was 55, and John Dickinson was 54, Benjamin Franklin 81, and Roger Shermen 66, a large portion of the agents were youngsters in their 20s and 30s. Perceptible missing were the progressive chiefs of the exertion for freedom in 1775-76, for example, John Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson.

Introduction to Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology

Prologue to Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Edward Cordero The principal hypothetical viewpoint in human science is called Functional Analysis. Useful Analysis is the hypothesis that society is comprised of various parts that work together to advance solidarity and uniformity. Utilitarian Analysis is in some cases alluded to as functionalism and auxiliary functionalism (Henslin, 2012, p. 24). Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer, both exceptional sociologists, built up this hypothesis since they accepted society is comparable as living beings. By contrasting society with living creatures and their organs, Comte and Spencer inferred that all together for a people or creatures to work appropriately, their organs must cooperate. For this situation, with the end goal for society to be prosperous, individuals must fill in as a group to get it going. Emile Durkheim saw nothing extraordinary about Comte and Spencers judgment. He additionally focused on the possibility that society is comprised of numerous parts that cooperates to satisfy their capacit ies (Henslin, 2012, p. 25). What contrasts Durkheim from Comte and Herbert is that he recognized society as being typical (Henslin, 2012, p. 25) if each piece of society is cooperating as a group. In the event that society doesn't team up, at that point it is considered a strange or neurotic state (Henslin, 2012, p. 25). Robert Merton built up a scale to gauge the outcomes of people groups activity in a general public. On the off chance that an individual accomplishes something that is intentional to society, it is known as a show work. In the event that an individual accomplishes something that isn't wanted to enable society to transform, it is known as an inactive capacity. A negative result that makes harm society is known as a brokenness. At the point when functionalists lead their exploration, it is significant that they target huge gatherings, for example, ventures, associations, or structures on the grounds that Functional Analysis is a full scale investigation. Full scale le vel examination is evidently intended to target huge scope designs in the public arena (Henslin, 2012, p. 28). Circumstances that draw in functionalists consideration can incorporate how the pieces of society fit together to make the entire and what each part does, and how it adds to society (Henslin, 2012, p. 25). Utilitarian Analysis is significant in light of the fact that this is the zone that assists sociologists with looking at and clarify social marvels that can have a positive or negative effect. The second hypothetical point of view of humanism is the Conflict Theory. The Conflict Theory is the possibility that society is made of various gatherings that contend each other for rare assets. The Industrial Revolution that changed Europe has incited humanist Karl Marx to build up this viewpoint on public activity. Marx accepts that in a general public, a higher class bunch exists and controls the lower class. As indicated by humanist Lewis Coser, he accepts struggle is destined to create among individuals who are in cozy connections (Henslin, 2012, p. 27). In this way, if a negative change happens in the plan on how force or benefit is circulated in their general public, it could prompt clashes. Strife scholars additionally centers around enormous gatherings when directing exploration since Conflict Theory is a large scale investigation. They target structures, gatherings, nations, and even societies. The quality of the Conflict Theory is that it permits strife scholars to analy ze the difference in a situation and comprehend the contention that tags along. This permits better comprehension on why occasions, for example, fights, happen in the public eye today. At the point when struggle scholars lead examine, they see how contradicting interest go through each layer of society (Henslin, 2012, p. 27) or what causes imbalance in a general public. What additionally gains their consideration is the point at which they attempt to see how the high society controls their capacity on the lower class. The third hypothetical point of view in humanism is called Symbolic Interactionism. Emblematic Interactionism is the hypothesis that society utilizes images that have significance to speak with each other and to comprehend their general surroundings. Sociologists, George Herbert Mead and Charles Cooley, collaborated to plan this hypothesis to all the more likely comprehend our public activity. Emblematic Interactionism is viewed as a smaller scale investigation. Smaller scale examination includes a little gathering while analyzing how an individual uses images to convey and interface in the public arena. The Conflict Theory is significant in light of the fact that it helps strife interactionists investigate how public activity relies upon the manners in which we characterize ourselves as well as other people (Henslin, 2012, p. 23). Since Symbolic Interactionism centers around an individual and their communication with others, this could help lead them to comprehend social request and change in a general public. What draws in struggle interactionalists is the point at which they inspect how individuals bode well out of life and their place in it (Henslin, 2012, p. 23). They take a gander at how every general public dresses diversely or how every social request is extraordinary. In particular, they may think that its intriguing on how images, in spite of having diverse importance in each general public, makes public activity. I will apply the hypothetical points of view of humanism to the Dakota Pipeline Protest, an occasion that has been influencing a general public in the U.S. While applying Functional Analysis to the Dakota Pipeline Protest, analysts would initially need to realize what the show capacity of the Dakota pipeline is. The show capacity of the Dakota pipeline venture is to assemble a 1,200-mile-long pipeline, from North Dakota to Illinois, that will move around 470,000 barrels of unrefined petroleum every day. This is viewed as the most secure approach to ship raw petroleum with respect to natural concerns. The Researchers may likewise be keen on the dysfunctions of the pipeline. The brokenness of the venture is that the pipeline is anticipated to go under Lake Oahe. Any burst from the pipeline could cause a tremendous natural impact. Scientists would likewise be interested about the coordinators. They should think about scrutinizing their explanation behind presenting the task, just as the advantage of the pipeline. The coordinator of the Dakota pipeline, Energy Transfer Partner LP, is the organization that needs to take part in this business of shipping oil. They got the endorsement to push forward with the undertaking since it is the most secure and the most natural benevolent approach to move oil. At last, analysts may likewise need to look at what the conceivable dormant elements of this undertaking will be. A potential inactive capacity of the venture is that it can bring down fuel costs in the U.S. also, cause a lift in the economy. This can likewise prompt minimal effort on power bills or air passages. When applying Conflict Theory to the Dakota Pipeline Protest, scientists may need to initially look at who is the high and low class. The high class in this occasion would be the Government authorities just as the coordinators of the task. The low class would be viewed as the gathering that dislikes the development of the Dakota pipeline. For this situation, the low class would be the Native American clans from everywhere throughout the United States. Scientists would likewise look at what is the reason to the imbalance that is occurring. As per the Native Americans, they have been living in the zone where the pipeline is anticipated to go over. The Government doesn't consider the way this is a hallowed region for them and that Lake Oahe is life for them. Lake Oahe gives them their day by day water gracefully and they emphatically accept water is life. Scientists would likewise be interested about what else the Native Americans are attempting to secure and for what reason do they des pite everything have the enthusiasm to continue dissenting, in spite of the physical maltreatment from the Government. Other than the water, the Native Americans have progenitors who were covered around the territory. It is upsetting for them to observe a development going on in the zone that is important since their precursors. At last, clash scholars would need to know precisely if this pipeline is completely essential for society and whether unreasonable power ought to be utilized against the protestors. Exorbitant power has been utilized on the Native Americans. Government specialists are approved to utilize police hounds, pepper shower, and poisonous gas. These individuals are essentially ensuring their property and they reserve each benefit to voice their interests. They reserve the option to dissent. Representative interactionists would be keen on considering the images that are being utilized by the Native Americans in the Dakota Pipeline Protest. Scientists may likely need to initially check on the off chance that it is simply Native Americans that are engaged with the dissent. They should talk with people and question their race. They should attempt to look at how the venture is influencing people society and to decide whether it is just Native American who are voicing their feelings. Scientists would talk with people to discover how significant the land is to them. It is significant for the analyst to comprehend what the land represents on the grounds that that is the establishment of the dissent. They may likewise look at if the imagery of the land varies to every individual included. Emblematic interactionists may likewise examine the dress of the Native Americans, just as the tunes they sing customarily on the building site. In view of the media, some Native Americans wore conventional garments to speak to their predecessors and to show that they will keep on battling for them. The conventional melodies are sung close to the building site to advance solidarity. The weapons that the Native Americans use to counter the unnecessary power from the Government may likewise pull in scientists. Rather than utilizing firearms or advanced weapons, the Native Americans are seen utilizing sling shots, ponies, or even their banners as weapons. The scientists should talk with people vis-à-vis and question them on their decision of weapon. In light of recordings from media, it shows that these Native Americans are investing heavily into their way of life. Work Cited: Henslin, J. M. (2012). Human science: A Down-to-Earth Approach.

How to Use Argumentative Essay Samples

How to Use Argumentative Essay SamplesThere are several types of APA argumentative essay samples available on the Internet. One of the most effective ways to prepare for the APA exam is to use these persuasive essays. You will need to master all the rules and terms associated with this type of essay before you attempt it. With a little practice, you will be able to turn in an excellent essay that scores high on the APA.An argumentative essay may start with one of two techniques. Either you use a formal structure or you allow your ideas to flow naturally. If you do not know how to use an argumentative structure then it is best to use a formal structure. The professional writers at writingsoftwarereview.com have an article that teaches you how to write an argumentative essay.Another type of persuasive essay is the informal one. This is where the writer allows their ideas to flow naturally without any formal structure. They try to capture the essence of the ideas they wish to convey. In order to write this type of essay you must first understand the basic premise of the topic you are writing about.In the article written by the writers at writingsoftwarereview.com you will learn about three basic styles of argumentative essays. Each style has its own specific guidelines for organizing and structuring the content.Argumentative Essay- the main theme is the main focus of this essay. The emphasis is usually on how the writer feels about the topic. As the essay proceeds, the writer uses a variety of arguments and rhetoric to point out how certain types of behavior is correct or incorrect and how these behaviors could be changed if they were properly defined.Argumentative Essay- this essay is centered around one idea that is presented through a series of arguments and rhetorical tactics. You must remember to place the focus on the idea to avoid losing your readers.Argumentative Essay- this is usually written from the perspective of a listener. The writer presents their p oints as facts must be supported by supporting evidence.In order to turn in an excellent argumentative essay the writer must be knowledgeable about persuasive writing. It takes a lot of hard work to present the right information in the right way. Once you have mastered the content for this type of essay you will be able to turn in an impressive essay that contains a rich blend of theory and insight.

Essay Role of Prisons in Reducing Recidivism - 556 Words

Role of Prisons in Reducing Recidivism The role of prisons and prison wardens in reducing recidivism is a major concern today. With programs initialized in the prison systems, recidivism rates still have stayed about the same for forty years. Almost two-thirds of prisoners will be arrested after their release, and of those, half will return to prison for a new crime. The obstacle faced by professionals to change behavior is a multi-layered complex problem that needs to be addressed in our society today. Different views and opinions are given, and they do not lesson the impact of each other, but a multi-dimensional program should be utilized to achieve the goal of recidivism. Professor Alex Holsinger of the University of Missouri†¦show more content†¦These ways of obtaining statistics are easy to obtain because new arrests statistics for any crime are available. Professor Holsinger also states that a person serving a long time for a crime, (12-15 years), should not be included in a study as a success because they are still in prison. He disagrees with Jack Cowely, a retired prison warden, that the warden is personally responsible. Holsingers believes that the warden is responsible for administrative procedures only and that prison wardens should utilize social service agencies to implement programs. Changing criminal behavior in a person who has had behavior reinforced for many, many years is a difficult problem when the prisoner is only in the penal system for a few years proves to be the greatest obstacle. What Holsinger believes would reduce recidivism would be to implement more resources into cognitive behavior curriculum that specifically addresses anti-social thinking, anti-social thoughts and attitudes, and drug and alcohol use and abuse. Professor Holsinger views about recidivism seem quite impressive but increasing resources for prison systems seem non-existent at the present time because of all of the other social aid our government is obligated to. Also, Professor Holsinger did not state anything about the cost effectiveness of all these programs and what the outcome would be if they were utilized. He did not mention the time it would take reduce recidivism for offenders. The belief in pouringShow MoreRelatedLong Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Essay943 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reducing Juvenile Recidivism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By: Tiffany Gilliam La Salle University PHLT 752: Capstone I Introduction Nearly, 5% of the world s population is represented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). 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Pre-sentence Reports - 1650 Words

While looking at research done in Scotland and Canada, Pre-sentence reports (PSR), which are noted as Social Enquiry Reports within Scotland, are considered to be a key and influential aspect within their Criminal Justice System and the decision process on the subject of sentencing a custodial or non-custodial sentencing. While the idea of PSR’s are simple, to provide the court with personal information about the offender, such as circumstances that proved to be such a challenge, that he or she had abnormally excelled and expressed the ability to change for the better, and or have demonstrated that they have had a faulty character that could proveproves that a harsher sentencing is appropriate, or any other relevant information that the†¦show more content†¦The reason to this being a problem is because defence solicitors are under time restraints and therefore may not be able to get all the valid points of the report due to editing (Tata et all, 2008). Fourthly, the s tyle of the report to include the judges standards of being suitable to the sentencing and the National Sstandards of a PSR remain impartial to the offender and these two standards constraints the CJSW from expressing themselves (Tata et all., 2008). Finally, judges at times feel that CJSW do notn’t challenge the narrative enough and test the offenders story for it to even be considered (Tata et all., 2008). The CJSW documentation expresses situations where discrepancies were noted through reports, therefore destroying its credibility (Tata et all., 2008). For CJSW, striving to find a realistic sentence for an offender in the eyes of a judge is a difficult task, which can often, if quality of PSR is not up to the judges’ liking, effects the judges’ his or hers decision and therefore have an alternative effect on the offender (Tata et all., 2008). To further demonstrate the results of the realism of a PSR, a judge (Westword Sheriff 7 (ii)) states that â€Å"†¦ if the report’s unrealistic†¦ I think it does diminish the quality of the report. It diminishes the validity and the value of the report, if you’re getting such an unrealistic suggestion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tata et all., 2008 p 841).Show MoreRelatedPretrial Release and Diversion Programs918 Words   |  4 Pagesof being a criminal will improve the juveniles life chances. Sentencing and Pre-sentencing Sentencing and pre-sentencing are important steps in a defendants trial. The sentence is a defendants punishment. It comes at the conclusion of a defendants trial. Criminal sentences have generally been focused on imprisonment, but criminal sentences can include things outside of prison sentences. 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The Great Depression And American Policies - 1819 Words

It is debatable as to what extent the Great Depression was the result of American policies in the 1920s. Many historians may argue that the cause of the Great Depression cannot be easily defined and identified due to the fact that there are many other factors which must also be taken into consideration. Some historians may argue that American policies were the largest contributing factor towards the Great Depression for many reasons, such as the underlying weaknesses in the US economy in general, which could be identified many years before the depression began in late 1929. Many examples of this can be identified, such as the Republican policies that President Hoover believed in and specific taxes that were introduced during the 1920s which resulted in international trade eventually coming to a standstill. However, it can be argued that there are many other factors which are also linked with one another when attempting to understand to what extent a certain factor contributed towards the Great Depression. For example, there were many underlying issues in 1920’s America that were indicating that the boom was under threat many years before the Depression had actually began. This can be seen through identifying just some of the many problems in USA at the time, such as when people were ‘buying on margin’, ‘buying on credit’, the banking crisis and the issues with ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ eventually leading to unemployment and lastly the ‘stock market crash’ in late 1929.Show MoreRelatedAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pages Between 1920 and 1941 the paradigm of American foreign policy completely shifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people w ith WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The firstRead MoreEssay on Roosevelt and Hoover DBQ1428 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt and Hoover DBQ The Great Depression quickly altered Americas view of liberalism and therefore, Roosevelt can be considered a liberal and Hoover a conservative, despite the fact that they did occasionally support very similar policies. The United States experienced political shifts during the Great Depression, which are described by Arthur Schlesinger’s analysis of eras in which public objectives were placed before personal concerns. It seems that the public view of what constitutesRead MorePresident Roosevelt s New Deal971 Words   |  4 Pagesout of the Depression that It plunged into during the Herbert Hoover administration. The Great Depression happened through a myriad of events that ranged from bank failures to the stock market crashing multiple times in a short amount of time. The nation s economy was in turmoil and unemployment and poverty were at an all-time high and something had to be done to stop this economic free-fall. FDR and his political cabinet called the â€Å"Brain T rust† decided to take the Great Depression head on withRead MoreSocial and Economic Impact of The New Deal Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of The New Deal Prior to the great depression, the U.S. economy alternated between periods of prosperity and sharp economic decline. During the great depression, aggregate demand dropped sharply, causing the price level and real GOP to decline. 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It is routinely cited, as proof that unregulated capitalism is not the best in the world, and that only a massive welfare state, huge amounts of economic regulation, and other interventions can save capitalism from itself. The Great Depression had important consequences and was a devastating event in America, however many good policies and programs became available as a result of the great depression, someRead More Roosevelt a Liberal and Hoover a Conservative Essay1079 Words   |  5 Pages Roosevelt a Liberal and Hoover a Conservative Thesis: Because the Great Depression quickly changed Americas view of liberalism, Roosevelt can be considered a liberal and Hoover a conservative, despite occasionally supporting similar policies. Written for the Advanced Placement U.S. History Document Based Question from the A.P. test. 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Impact of Job Satisfaction over Employee Turnover for Organizations

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Job Satisfaction over Employee Turnover for Organizations. Answer: Introduction (Employee Turnover): According to Chen et al, 2015, the stage at which the organizations are gaining and losing the employees is defined as the employee turnover. The tendency of the employees to remain with the organizations is also referred as employee turnover according to Andrews et al, 2014. This rate is generally measured for the whole companies belong to same industry. If an organization has high rate for employee turnover, then this indicates that employees work for that organization have lesser average working period as compared to other organizations related to same industry. The different actions taken by the organizations to replace the employees who have left the organizations is also described as employee turnover according to Haider et al, 2015. According to Andrews et al, 2014, the significance of employee turnover varies for the organizations as per their size, scope and location. It has been described in different researches that if rate of employee turnover would be high, then morale of other employees would be certainly affected as they have to work for extra time which would resulted in extra stress or burden at the workplace. This will result in lower productivity and absenteeism for the organizations. This will also deteriorate public image of the organization and may also affect their future hires (Gillet et al, 2013). Voluntarily and Involuntary are two major types of employee turnovers observed within the organizations. If the employee himself opts to leave the company, then it is defined as the voluntarily turnover. Retrenchment, dismissal, retirement, physical or mental disability and relocation are some situations raised in case of involuntary turnover of the employees. Job Satisfaction: The positive or pleasurable emotional state resulted from the job experiences or appraisal of individuals job is defined as the job satisfaction. The individual who have high satisfaction level for job always has positive feelings or experiences towards the job, whereas, on the other hand, the individual who is no satisfied with the job always has negative experience or feeling towards the job. Job always requires interaction with employer and colleagues, following policies or rules of the organizations and at the same time, maintaining the performance standards at the workplace. According to Sukriket (2015), job satisfaction is one of significant factors that have attracted the top management within the organizations. The different researches have been organised in order to analyse the impact of the job satisfaction over the productivity level of the organizations. But it has been not found that the job satisfaction impacts the productivity level. Ahmad and Rainyee (2014) also described that an attitude which reflects gratification from the work accomplished by an individual is also defined as the job satisfaction. Personal inspirations and needs of an individual are also some factors which determine altitude with organizational or group factors has also been observed from different researches over the job satisfaction. The degree which describes the negative or positive feelings of an individual for their jobs is also defined as job satisfaction according to Mathieu et al, 2016. The environmental, physiological and psychological conditions that enable an individual to satisfy with the workplace conditions is also described as job satisfaction according to Terera and Ngirande, 2014. In addition, according to Lu and Gursoy (2016), different unfavourable as well as favourable attitudes which an employee has on their job or work are also described as the job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is one of the significant factors for the organizations. The value based on humanitarian enables the organizations to treat employee with respect and in honourable manner. Mental fitness or emotional wellness is some signs for high satisfaction level at the jobs according to Mauno et al, 2014. Utilitarian position can be adopted by the organizations where behaviour of employees will certainly affect business operations of the organizations due to the dissatisfaction or satisfaction of the employees at their job. In addition, according to Helm (2013), level of satisfaction also identifies different factors which can affect the job satisfaction within the organizations and by which organizations can take appropriate measures or steps to improve the conditions at the job or workplace in order to enhance the satisfaction level of the employees. Balance Theory (Impact of Job Satisfaction over Employee Turnover): Balance theory described the theory for attitude change and Fritz Heider has proposed this theory of motivational psychology. The consistency motive in terms of cognitive mainly balances the psychological aspect for attitude according to the balance theory. The motive to maintain beliefs as well as values within a prescribed time frame is consistent with the balance theory (Qureshi et al, 2013). If the positive results are obtained from the affected factors due to liking relationships or sentiments was the main concept behind the balance theory. The theory is mainly based on the POX model in terms of analytical concept. According to this, P Person to be analysed O Person to be compared X Things to be compared that can be impersonal entities including event, idea or physical object. After this, relationship between different factors will be estimated including, L Liking, approving or evaluating U Cognitive unit which is formed like belonging or similarity (Source: Changing Minds, 2016) From the balance theory, it has been analysed that there is a huge impact over the employee turnover due to the job satisfaction. From the POX model, it has also described that there are three factors which can provide the relevance for the research that needs to be done in the report. P Job Satisfaction O Employee Turnover X Type of work, working conditions, promotions, or payments. This is the theoretical framework which defines the impact of the job satisfaction over the employee turnover using the balance theory. From the theory, it can also be visualised that both employee turnover as well as job satisfaction are analogous and interrelated to each other. There are various factors which enhance level of satisfaction at the job or work for the employees within the organizations that certainly help to reduce the employee turnover at the organizations (Chan and Mai, 2015). If the employees are getting appropriate working conditions and type of the work or job at the work place as per their skills or knowledge then it is certain that they will highly satisfied at the job which in result will help to reduce the employee turnover for the organizations. In the same manner, if employees are also getting promotions on the basis of their performance then it will certainly boost their performance level resulted in the enhanced job satisfaction as well as reduced rate fo r the employee turnover. Further, if the employees are getting adequate payments or bonuses on time, then it will also encourage them to enhance productivity level for the organizations that will certainly help them to improve their satisfaction level for the job (Bouckenooghe et al, 2013). This will certainly help to reduce the level of employee turnover within the organizations due to which efficiency of the organizations will also improved and at the same time, also build positive image within the society as well as impact their future hiring. From all the above discussion, it has been concluded that there is a huge and significant impact of the job satisfaction over the employee turnover. Relation between Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction: From the balance theory, it has been found that both employee turnover as well as job satisfaction is interrelated to each other. It is also analysed from different researches that there is significant impact of the job satisfaction over the employee turnover. Relation between Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction Significant relationship Non-significant relationship Reference Researches: Haider et al, 2015 Andrews et al, 2014 Mathieu et al, 2016 Terera and Ngirande, 2014 Qureshi et al, 2013 Similarities: The researches which provide significant relationship between employee turnover and job satisfaction defines the positive relation between both of the concepts. Both of the concepts are affected from similar factors which have been described in the researches which mainly include, Working conditions promotions management systems Leadership Policies or procedures Training Reference Researches: Bouckenooghe et al, 2013 Chen et al, 2015 Lu and Gursoy, 2016 Helm, 2013 Tschopp et al, 2013 Differences: The researches which provide non-significant relationship between employee turnover and job satisfaction defines the negative relation between both of the concepts. Both of the terms have been affected from different factors which have been analysed during the various researches, Cultural values Attitudes Religious beliefs Financial status Educational status Gender Marital status Working experience From the above table, one can analyse that there are two situations where one describes the significant relationship between the employee turnover and job satisfaction and other describes non-significant relation between the concepts which have been used during this research. According to Haider et al (2015) and Andrews et al (2014), it has been found that there is significant relation between employee turnover and job satisfaction. These researches indicate that if the employees are getting appropriate working conditions, payments, training, management systems, policies or procedures, organizational structure, leadership, or promotions, then the employees are highly satisfied at the workplace which in result would reduce the rate of employee turnover within the organizations. Further, Bouckenooghe et al (2013), Chen et al (2015) and Lu Gursoy (2016) described that non-significant relation exists between the employee turnover and job satisfaction. There are various examples which prove non-significant relation between the two concepts. The factors like religious beliefs, educational level, gender, marital status, working experience, or cultural values indicate that if these found within the organizations, employee turnover would be high (Tschopp et al, 2014). This means employees are satisfied with their performance level but certain above factors make them to leave the organizations. In addition, retention, economical crisis, non-working of companies are factors which can also cause employee turnover which also indicates that in this cases, there is non-significant relation between the employee turnover and job satisfaction. Proposition: Based on the balance theory and different researches, following propositions can be defined for this research, Job satisfaction has positive impact over the employee turnover. Job satisfaction has negative impact over the employee turnover. There is significant relation between employee turnover and job satisfaction. There is non-significant relation between employee turnover and job satisfaction. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that both of the employee turnover as well as job satisfaction are deeply interrelated to each other which has also been described in various research studies. There are various ways by which employee turnover can be effectively reduced by affecting the job satisfaction within the organizations. The employee can be encouraged by giving them promotions or bonuses that will certainly motivate them to enhance their performance level which in result will surely improve their job satisfaction level and at the same time, employee turnover will also be reduced in effective manner. Further, by providing standard payment structure and adequate working conditions will also help the employee to improve their satisfaction level for the job which in result will also enhance productivity level of the organizations. This measure will also help to reduce rate of employee turnover within the organizations. The adequate type of work also needs to be planned for the employees as per their skills and knowledge which will surely motivate them to perform in more efficient manner which tends to enhance the level of job satisfaction among the employees. In addition, the cultural factors like cultural values, religious beliefs and attitudes also need to be avoided within the organizations which tend to improve the satisfaction level of the employees and also motivate them to perform in efficient organizational structure. This in result also helps to prevent the employee turnover within the organizations. The various individual factors also need not be considered by the organizations including age, marital status, educational level, financial status or personality that will also enable the organizations to improve satisfaction level of the employees for the job. Due to this measure, employee turnover will also be reduced and also help to enhance productivity and efficiency level of employees which in result provide several profits to the organizations. References: Ahmad, A. and Rainyee, R. (2014) Which is the better predictor of employee turnover intentions: Job satisfaction or organizational commitment? A literature review. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(1), p.2. Andrews, M., Michele, K. and Kacmar, C. (2014) The mediational effect of regulatory focus on the relationships between mindfulness and job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Career Development International, 19(5), pp.494-507. Bouckenooghe, D., Raja, U. and Butt, A. (2013) Combined effects of positive and negative affectivity and job satisfaction on job performance and turnover intentions. The Journal of psychology, 147(2), pp.105-123. Chan, S. and Mai, X. (2015) The relation of career adaptability to satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, pp.130-139. Chen, I., Brown, R., Bowers, B. and Chang, W. (2015) Work?to?family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(10), pp.2350-2363. Gillet, N., Gagn, M., Sauvagre, S. and Fouquereau, E. (2013) The role of supervisor autonomy support, organizational support, and autonomous and controlled motivation in predicting employees' satisfaction and turnover intentions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(4), pp.450-460. Haider, M., Aamir, A., Hamid, A. and Hashim, M. (2015) A literature analysis on the importance of non-financial rewards for employees job satisfaction. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), pp.341-354. Helm, S. (2013) A matter of reputation and pride: Associations between perceived external reputation, pride in membership, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. British Journal of Management, 24(4), pp.542-556. Lu, A. and Gursoy, D. (2016) Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention: do generational differences matter?. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 40(2), pp.210-235. Mathieu, C., Fabi, B., Lacoursire, R. and Raymond, L. (2016) The role of supervisory behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee turnover. Journal of Management Organization, 22(1), pp.113-129. Mauno, S., De Cuyper, N., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, U. and Mkikangas, A. (2014) Occupational well-being as a mediator between job insecurity and turnover intention: Findings at the individual and work department levels. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(3), pp.381-393. Qureshi, M., Iftikhar, M., Abbas, S., Hassan, U., Khan, K. and Zaman, K. (2013) Relationship between job stress, workload, environment and employees turnover intentions: What we know, what should we know. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(6), pp.764-770. Sukriket, P. (2015) The relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention of Thai software programmers in Bangkok, Thailand. AU Journal of Management, 12(2). Terera, S. and Ngirande, H. (2014) The impact of rewards on job satisfaction and employee retention. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), p.481. Tschopp, C., Grote, G. and Gerber, M. (2014) How career orientation shapes the job satisfactionturnover intention link. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(2), pp.151-171.

10+ Best WordPress YouTube Channels You Should Check Out

So whats the deal with WordPress YouTube channels? Well, if youre anything like us, the first step  when you cant figure out how to do something with  WordPress is to find  a tutorial. However, finding an adequate guide within  the sheer volume  of content available  can be tough – even more so if youre looking for one that includes appropriate visual aids.Thats where YouTube comes in. Everybody knows its a fantastic platform for learning all manner  of new skills, but its not always the first place a WordPress enthusiast would consider to check for tips or tutorials. Thats a shame, because there are plenty of  WordPress YouTube channels out there, full of great content.With the above in mind, weve sorted through the proverbial haystack for your benefit and compiled a list of our ten favorite WordPress YouTube channels devoted to our favorite platform.  Lets get cracking!10+ Best WordPress YouTube channels1. WPCrafterWPCrafter is a popular channel (with 131k subscribers) by WordPress educator, Adam Preiser. This YouTube channel posts videos on everything from WordPress updates to How-to guides. Youd be able to find some cool videos on SEO, conversion optimization and eCommerce as well. But his channel is majorly focused on creating WordPress sites using page builders.Unlike most of the WordPress YouTube channels in our list, WPCrafter offers more versatility. Also, Adam Preisers channel is one of our best WordPress YouTube recommendations for non-techies. WPCrafter publish in-depth, easy-to-understand video tutorials.Featured video 2. WebTegrity / Kori AshtonKori Ashton releases WordPress-related videos like clockwork, every Wednesday. Her WordPress YouTube channel has  over 35,000 subscribers, and she covers topics including  SEO tips, WordPress how-tos, and plugin roundups. Some of their best videos  include a roundup of the best free responsive themes, a guide to making phone numbers clickable in WordPress, and a Revolution Sl ider review.The team behind the channel, WebTegrity, also offers their WordPress-related services in real life, including classes – and considering the quality of their channel, wed be willing to bet those classes are worth a shot!Featured video 3. Tyler MooreTyler Moore is the mastermind behind this  eponymous  WordPress YouTube channel. He regularly posts step-by-step web development guides (with an emphasis on WordPress) for his sizable audience of  305,000+ subscribers, and he takes pride in never skipping a single step of the learning process.If you dont believe us, take a look at his three hour guide to building a WordPress website in 2016 (which is admittedly the longest video on his channel).Featured video 4. WebsiteWizard.tvAlthough WebsiteWizard.tv doesnt bill itself as a WordPress channel, the guys  behind the scenes  sure do post a lot of content about the worlds favorite content management system. This modestly-sized channel (currently clocking almost 9 ,900 subscribers) was born in 2014 to help entrepreneurs, business owners, and freelancers improve their web development skills.Since then, the channel has  published several series looking at  how to build WordPress sites, as well as the occasional feature-length guide. Aside from these, theyve also covered SEO optimization tutorials and the ever-popular plugin roundup category.Featured video 5. WPBeginnerIts hard for WordPress YouTube channels to claim a higher pedigree than WPBeginner, considering its parent website. As you might expect, this channel goes way beyond the basics when it comes to WordPress tutorials. Over  144,000 subscribers benefit from weekly videos covering all kinds of topics such as  how to make a  WordPress site private,  setting automatic backups, and even creating wedding websites.WPBeginners  videos are short and concise, and most of them are based on preexisting articles – so viewers get the benefit of having a transcript of sorts ava ilable if they have trouble grasping any step.Featured video 6. UploadWPAlthough its video thumbnails may look deceivingly like infomercial advertisements, UploadWP  is an exceptional channel filled with in-depth WordPress tutorials. Its unassuming host has managed to accumulate over 14,000 subscribers thanks to posting several videos per month (although his upload schedule is a bit erratic), with an emphasis on WooCommerce-related content.Some of the channels  best hits include a top to bottom guide on  setting up a WooCommerce page, and how to create a custom email template for your e-commerce endeavors.Featured video 7. Lets Build WordPressMartie is the name of the man behind Lets Build WordPress, and the cartoon appearing in most of his video thumbnails is modeled after him. Under that colorful beanie, however, there happens to be a real WordPress pro whos been hard at work creating tutorials since 2013.Although he doesnt post new videos as regularly as some of our other p icks, Martie has nonetheless amassed  over 19,000 subscribers, thanks to his channels wide range  of topics. If we had to pick a  favorite, wed have to go with his guide to creating a portfolio website using WordPress.Featured video 8. WPTutsWPTuts is a seriously slick (check out their thumbnails) WordPress YouTube channel, with an emphasis on guides for both the Slider Revolution and Visual Composer plugins. Their viewership is around 52,000 subscribers) – and what stands out at this channel is the highly specialized nature of some of their guides  .Featured video 9. Ferdy KorpershoekWordPressKing is another one-man operation, this time helmed by a photographer, videographer, and web developer.  Despite  his many responsibilities, Ferdy Korpershoek finds the time to create and upload multiple WordPress-related videos per month.Ferdy is popular among his near-91,000 subscribers for his no-nonsense approach to problem-solving. Each of his videos is designed to help you solve a particular issue and boy, does he deliver.Featured video 10. KatrinahWhile nowadays Katrinah is an independent web developer and designer, many years ago she used to work a nine-to-five corporate gig. Along the way, she taught herself all she needed to know about WordPress, and  since 2012  shes been helping others to learn too – from the basics to the highly-specific.Katrinah has amassed nearly 46,000 subscribers, and while many of her videos are long-form (some clocking in at over two hours), many others are well under 20 minutes – so theres something to cater to all types.Featured video 11. WinningWPThrough this great video collection, WinningWP channel provides a variety of guides for users that are just starting out with WordPress. From general to very specific tutorials, guys at WinningWP provide a handful of lengthy videos of around one hour of content, but youll also find quick tricks lasting for 2-3 minutes.This WordPress-related channel gets updated with new videos at least two times a month (sometimes even five times) and managed to gather a community of over 5,900 subscribers in only two years of existence.Featured video 12. Hogan ChuaIf you are a big fan of eCommerce, dropshipping and WordPress, then you should definitely subscribe this WordPress Youtube channel. Hogan Chua publishes both the WordPress tutorials and site-building videos. One of his videos on setting up an eCommerce store with WordPress is timed more than 240 minutes. His channel has over 48.4k subscribersFeatured video 13. WPLearningLabWPLearningLab is a YouTube channel and website from Bjorn Allipas. His channel has over 71,500 subscribers. Bjorns channel is dedicated to entrepreneurs and beginners to help them setup (and run) their business sites.You can find multiple videos on speeding up your WordPress sites and all of them offer unique tips tricks. WPLearningLab even provides quick-fixes on Contact form, 4xx and other WordPress related errors.F eatured video 14. ThemeIsleAlthough our channel is still in diapers compared to many others in this list, in time we intend to become one of the leading WordPress YouTube sources too.Along with more general WordPress tutorials and tips, there are also valuable how-tos for many of our themes. Were also tying in articles to our video content, giving you a multitude of options for learning how to use our themes and plugins. Untill now we have been subscribed by over 17,000+ WordPress users.Featured video ConclusionYouTube may not be your first stop  for WordPress-related content, but it should!  As with any other platform, the key when looking for great channels  is to keep an eye out for those  providing high-quality, relevant advice. If they can also complement your learning from  other sources, even better!In this post, we presented ten WordPress YouTube channels to check out. Lets recap:WPCrafter: Channel with all-purpose WordPress resources.WebTegrity: All-round WordPres s guides for all audiences.Tyler Moore: Step-by-step tutorials for beginners.WebsiteWizard.tv: Guides and how-tos for entrepreneurs.WPBeginner: Simple to complex tutorials for all users.UploadWP:  WooCommerce tips and tricks.Lets Build WordPress:  General WordPress tutorials for enthusiasts.WPTuts: Great guides for Slider Revolution and Visual Composer users.WordPressKing: No-nonsense guides for WordPress aficionados.Katrinah: A good source for WordPress users of all abilities.WinningWP: Tutorials and tips for beginners.WPLearninglab : entrepreneurial videos to scale your WordPress site.Hogan Chua:  Perfect place for WordPress and eCommerce guides.ThemeIsle:  General WordPress-related resources plus tutorials and how-tos for our own themes.Do you know of any other  great  WordPress YouTube channels that youd like to share with us? Let us know  in the comments section below!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)

Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad) Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad) Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad) By Daniel Scocco Finding the best writing apps for iOS can be challenging. Arguably the best word processor in existence, Microsoft Word, was designed with Windows in mind. Still, developers have answered the call and diehard Apple fans can still find several high-quality writing apps to help them write down their ideas. Whether you need a full-scale word processor or a simple notetaking app, there are several great options for iOS users. 1. Byword If you are writing on mobile or tablet, Byword is one of the best markdown editors out there. It isn’t flashy, it won’t cure cancer, but it will help you write down words. By default, it supports TXT, TEXT, MD, MMD, MARKDOWN, MARKDN, MDOWN, MKDN, MARKD, and Fountain file formats. Another added bonus of Byword is that you can export your finished products as PDFs and HTML documents. 2. Editorial Editorial comes with a little more functionality than Byword. What makes Editorial a great app is the fact that it has features like a built-in multi-tab web browser, Dropbox integration, and more. It also comes with inline preview for taskpaper, markdown, and foundation documents. 3. 1Writer 1Writer is one of the best notetaking apps for iOS. It can easily be downloaded from the App Store for either iPhone or iPad. The app can be used to write down ideas, for research, or to revise past ideas. 4. iA Writer Pro If you are looking for a great, free word processor, iA Writer Pro is the right app for you. This app provides you with all the tools and features you expect from a word processor without the price. By default, it is compatible with both the iPad and iPhone. 5. Pages Pages is Apple’s response to Microsoft Word. Like any app developed by a major company, Pages works as you would expect to. It is also completely compatible with iOS because it was designed specifically for it. Pages is great because it comes with every feature you will need as a writer. If you require a more professional-grade word processor, Pages is exactly what you need. 6. Ulysses What more could you expect from a program that was named after one of the greatest novels ever written? This word processor is compatible with most devices that run on iOS. Ulysses is considered to be one of the best writing apps on the App Store and is used by many professional writers who work on iOS. Why is Ulysses so good? It boasts a simple, yet effective design, is easy to use, has workflow options, a slew of export options, and syncs across the various iOS devices. 7. Werdsmith Werdsmith is another great option for aspiring writers who use iOS. This free app is compatible with both the iPhone and iPad. What makes Werdsmith great is the fact that it is loaded with features, has a great UI, Dropbox integration, and it can even be used on the iPod touch. 8. Bear Bear is another example of a barebones, markdown notetaking app. It won’t blow you away with features, but it does what it does well. This notetaking app is best used for taking notes and writing prose. You can also input your notes into Bear, making it a great app to use to study while you are transiting to and from school. Bear is very easy to use and a great option if you want a free notetaking app. 9. Microsoft Word for iOS Alright, you may be thinking, why are you suggesting Microsoft Word for iOS? One simple reason, because it exists. If you are comfortable with Microsoft Word and all of its features, why change? Microsoft has created an iOS version of their flagship word processor and it works flawlessly. A lot of iOS users make use of Pages because they think it is the go-to word processor for iOS. But, if Microsoft Word is available, why not use arguably the best word processor on the market? 10. Grammarly Sometimes Grammar is hard. Even the best writers will tell you this. Grammarly isn’t an official writing app like the other ones previously listed. Grammarly is a free grammar-checking app that is available on iOS. The free version will help you make basic corrections and improve your grammar, while the paid version comes with even more features. With Grammarly, you will never struggle with spelling, syntax, and sentence structure. 11. Dictionary.com App No one has perfect spelling. We all misspell words and rely on that wavy red line to tell us when we make mistakes. The official Dicitonary.com app is a great choice for writers who want to bolster their vocabulary, check the meanings of new words, and help find synonyms for words that they use too much. What makes this app even better is that it is free and it comes in a lite version. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†Yay, Hooray, Woos)

William Gilpin, On Picturesque Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Gilpin, On Picturesque Beauty - Essay Example In his essay Gilpin demonstrates that the ;picturesque can both be the objective of the travels (though it may not be the only objective as per rational reasons) and it will be the sole source of amusement. Gilpin introduces the idea that the philosophy of creation and appreciation of beauty cannot be done in isolation from the sublime. The quality of greatness that is sublime, whether it occurs in a physical, metaphysical, spiritual or artistic form cannot be considered picturesque if exists without a certain degree of beauty. An apt example given is that of a vast ocean which is sublime in its power but without any other object or point of reference to increase the overall beauty of the scenery it depicts it will not be considered picturesque and thus, will not provide any great source of pleasure for the viewer. The objective of the picturesque travel is to seek out such a combination of form, composition, color and atmosphere which comes together as the perfect aesthetic blend of sublime and beauty. Andin the case of nature, the seeker is fortunate as there are innumerous examples and varieties of objects to be found which together create picturesque forms of scenery. â€Å"They are varied, a second time,  combination; and almost as much, a third time, by different  lights,  and shades, and other aerial effects. Sometimes we find among them the exhibition of a  whole; but oftener we find only beautiful  parts.† (Giplin) Animals, humans and the great ruins which form the landscape for the traveler can all be a part of the picturesque. But again it is their form and the overall scene the depict that is of concern in this kind of study- though with all these elements to consider those who have a love of the picturesque can a find great variety to amuse themselves with even in just the pure nature. According to the author, there is more beauty to be found in the usual occurrences than the unusual. He describes

Problems with Sentimental Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems with Sentimental Art - Research Paper Example Same way this world is also filled with beautiful things and ugly things. Artists often portray the beautiful side of this world. However, there are instances in which artists create various art forms which may provoke sentiments knowingly or unknowingly, rather than pleasant feelings. These sentiments may cause immense damages in the remaining life of the art viewer. In other words sentimental arts cause more damages to the art viewer than goods. This paper analyses the problems with sentimental arts. (Gatalo, p.21) â€Å"Sentimentality is an ambiguous concept and it is defined as an emotional disposition that idealizes its object for the sake of emotional gratification and that is inherently corrupt because it is grounded in epistemic and moral error† (Gatalo, p.22). The above picture, Roses for Stalin, portrayed by Boris Vladimirsky extracts so many sentiments in the minds of the viewer. The above art is not generating any sense of beauty in the minds of the viewer whereas it generates lot of sentiments. In other words, this art failed to fulfil its basic and moral responsibility of satisfying the viewer through its beauty. In other words, it gave more importance to sentiments rather than beauty. A person who watches this art may develop the unpleasant memories of Stalin era and subsequently his mental agony could be intensified. Roses for Stalin is anomalous, even among sentimental artworks, because the judgments it urges us to accept are so outrageous. Stalin’s identity as a historical figure so sharply contradicts how he is represented in the painting that it renders this depiction preposterous, if not offensive. This is such an obtrusive and distracting feature of the work that it cancels out the possibility of any serious aesthetic engagement with it. Most significantly this undermines the painting’s affective power—a savvy viewer cannot partake of the warm feelings it is meant to inspire. Insofar as this feeling is central t o the design and meaning of the work, this falsity amounts to its aesthetic failure. (Gatalo, p.26). Sentimental emotions are entirely different from standard emotions. While standard emotions always generate pleasant and unpleasant feelings, sentimental emotions always generate corrupted feelings. Sentimental emotions are corrupted because of its inability in judging things with the help of sound reasoning. In other words, sentiments are always motivated emotionally rather than factually. The picture, Roses for Stalin, forces the viewer to think about the positive sides of Stalin era and it completely avoids the memories about the negative sides of Stalin era. In other words, the above picture is a deliberate attempt to portray Stalin as a saint. In short, sentimental arts often glorify a person or scene. It may keep a blind eye towards the negative aspects of the person or the scene. It is an accepted fact that during Stalin era, Soviet Union faced severe problems. However, the ab ove picture may not remind the viewer about such things. Anxious Mother: A piece of sentimental art about a young girl putting her dolls to bed (Antique Photos - Sentimental and Fine Art) In the above sentimental picture, a young girl is portrayed as putting her dolls in bed. The above painting will definitely reminds us about our childhood. The emotion in the face of the girl portrayed in this picture is very sad. It reminds us the feeling of a lonely girl who tries to keep company with dolls. In other words, feeling of loneliness is the major

Italian or German Essay Example for Free

Italian or German Essay In this paper, I was interested in exploring whether or not bilingual children were more likely to have delayed language development compared to their monolingual peers. I looked at several resources that each focused on a different aspect of language development. All the information came from noted experts in the field of child development, although the types of resources differed. I began with an article that sorted through much of the existing data on bilingualism in order to create a foundation for the subject. Then I looked at additional readings to see whether or not they supported the information from that source. The first article, by Ellen Bialystok, is itself a review of existing literature and studies regarding the acquisition of literacy among children who have been bilingual since birth. She writes that most research focuses on literacy development for learners in their second language, second language literacy in monolinguistics or the cognitive and linguistic aspects of achieving fluency in a second language. Studies that look at how true bilingual learners acquire necessary skills for reading and writing are few, but among those that she reviews, important discoveries may provide insight into how those children can achieve literacy. Children need three language skills before they can learn to read and write. They must have an oral competency with the literary forms of a language, an understanding of the symbolic meanings of print, and the metalinguistic awareness of phonology. This information comes from studies of monolinguistic children, but each of these skills is influenced by bilingualism. The question to be answered is, Does bilingualism have a positive, negative or neutral effect on the acquisition of literacy? All of the above, as it turns out. It depends upon the skill. According to Bialystok, several studies have shown that vocabulary size is smaller in bilingual learners, although these studies are limited and may have been influenced by the verbal abilities of the individual subjects. Regardless, weaker oral language skills contribute to difficulties in literacy acquisition. Another building block for reading and writing is the understanding that the printed symbols encode meaning and represent the spoken language. This skill appears to be transferable across languages, giving bilingual learners an advantage in its mastery. Individual languages have different specifics, but the generalities extend across all languages. Bialystok reviewed studies that examined children’s understanding of the invariance of print, or that a particular arrangement of notations always corresponds to the same spoken word, and their understanding of the rules that govern the correlation of the printed forms to the meaning of the text. Bilingual learners were much more aware of both of these concepts, giving them an advantage over their monolinguistic peers. The last prerequisite for literacy is phonological awareness. Bialystok found that studies of this metalinguistic concept revealed differing levels of competence depending on the language. Some languages, such as Italian or German, are more transparent and have more consistent spelling patterns. English is more difficult because of the many irregularities and exceptions to the rules in the language. Due to the many differences, it appears that bilingual learners develop phonological awareness separately, meaning that the knowledge of two languages has a neutral impact on this skill. A very limited number of studies indicated monolinguistic and bilingual learners each had some advantages in different phonological tasks but that most of these differences equaled out by the first grade. The following three articles look at one or more aspects that Bialystok addressed. Each has a slightly different focus and purpose, but all try to answer the basic question of whether bilingualism is an advantage or disadvantage when it comes to the language development of young children. The article, â€Å"Bilingual Acquisition,† on the Earlychildhood News website, is aimed at parents and educators of young children and focuses on some of the most common concerns about the effects of bilingualism. The author, Fred Genesee, is an expert in his field and therefore is a reliable source. The general tone and the presentation of the article seem to be geared towards parents and educators who fear that children will be delayed in developing language skills if they are exposed to more than one language in their preschool years. Genesee reassures readers that bilingual children do not show a significant difference in their language development other than the differences that occur among all children. His findings are consistent with Bialystok’s regarding vocabulary size. Although bilingual children may have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages compared to monolingual speakers, the total number of words from both languages tends to give bilingual children larger vocabularies. Genesee points out that the differences in vocabulary size are usually not very great once children begin school. This article does not spend much time discussing how to ensure that children achieve literacy in their second language without sacrificing ability in their first. This makes sense because most readers on this website are more likely to be interested in making sure that their non-native English speakers will be able to catch up to their peers. Genesee comments a few times that it is important for children to continue to hear both languages in order to remain bilingual. He encourages parents to use the language that they know best and to provide opportunities for children to hear their first language in the community and their homes. The next article is actually a chapter entitled â€Å"Young Bilingual Children and Early Literacy Development† from the book, Handbook of Early Literacy Research. This reading examines the development of literacy among bilingual children and takes into account how the amount of exposure to each language affects that development. In this study, the authors, Patton O. Tabors and Catherine E. Snow, looked at the effects of bilingualism during three time periods: birth to age 3, ages 3-5, and then ages 5-8. Children at each of these three periods were at different stages of language development and presumably had different language influences. First, the study looked at the various combinations of language exposures for infants and toddlers. The children were grouped into four categories. In the first, both the family at home and the members of the surrounding community used the home language, in this case, Spanish. English input was limited. The second group heard their native language at home, but the outside community spoke English. This is often the case among families who have come from countries that do not have large numbers of immigrants to the U. S. In the third and fourth groups, the children heard both their first language and English at home, but only the third group heard both in the community These different levels of exposure mean differing levels of bilingualism, and that has an impact on later literacy development. Beginning at about age 3, children could be placed into three types of classrooms: a first-language only, a bilingual or an English-language classroom. The children who come from the first or second exposure groups mentioned above did very well in both the first-language and bilingual classrooms. They received support from home in the language of instruction, which strengthened their development. Children who spoke both their first language and English at home also did well in bilingual classrooms, and they did better in English-only classrooms than their peers who spoke no English at home. The danger for the last group, which heard their first language at home only and not in the community was that they began to lose proficiency in their first language. Bilingual classrooms are particularly beneficial for them. What to do during these early school years, first and second grades, is a subject of much debate. Proponents of single language instruction believe that it is best for children to learn in the second language. However, underdeveloped oral command of the language leads to significant problems when trying to learn to read. Some evidence shows that these children fail to grasp the meaning of what they’ve read. In addition, these children rarely, if ever, become literate in their native language, which contributes to a loss of their heritage and culture. The best way for bilingual children to achieve literacy, according to these authors, is for them to become proficient in their first language and then transfer those skills to the second. This idea is supported by Bialystok. Tabors and Snow do mention some concerns with this approach, such as when should children begin the transition to the second language and should they continue to develop literacy skills in their first language after that transition. In the final article, the researchers, Stephanie M. Carlson and Andrew N. Meltzoff, designed a study to determine if bilingual children have any other advantages over their monolingual peers. Particularly, the study examined the effects bilingualism has on young children’s executive functioning. Their conclusions found that bilingual children are much more adept at conceptual inhibition, or in ignoring previously relevant information. Bilingual children do not switch back and forth between languages. Instead, they keep the relevant language in focus and ignore input from the irrelevant language. In doing this, these children have a lot of practice in inhibitory control, and that ability is transferable to other behaviors. For their study, Carlson and Meltzoff looked at three different groups of children: native bilinguals in Spanish and English, English monolinguals, and English monolinguals who were in a language-immersion kindergarten. The researchers controlled for numerous variables, including a family’s socio-economic status and the children’s verbal ability. The children participated in several experiments designed to test executive function when engaged in delay tasks or conflict tasks. In one of the tests of inhibition, children played a sorting game. They were given cards with either a rabbit or a boat that were either red or blue. First, children were asked to sort by shape, and then by color. To make the task more difficult, the examiner then switched to a set of cards that had gold stars on some of them. Children were instructed to sort by color if the card had a gold star, and by shape if it did not. Another test was â€Å"Simon Says,† using the typical rules. In order to test delay, children were given two bowls with treats in them. One bowl had more than the other. Children were given a bell and told that if they waited while the examiner left the room, they could have the larger snack. However, if they didn’t want to wait, they could ring the bell for the examiner to come back, but then they could only have the smaller snack. Several other studies also tested delay ability. As hypothesized, bilingual children outperformed monolingual children in conflict tasks, or tasks in which they had to follow new directions and ignore the previous ones. The children in the language-immersion program did not do any better than their monolingual peers. But what the researchers found most significant was that in looking at raw scores for all groups, the bilingual children did not show a difference in executive function. As the authors note, this means that the bilingual children were doing â€Å"more with less,† since they were at a disadvantage in several important factors, including SES and parents’ education levels and lack of home-based reading. This suggests that bilingual children are compensating for their disadvantages through increased cognitive functioning resulting from their abilities to process two languages. Bilingualism is a complex idea with multiple facets. Debate about English-only instruction will continue, especially in light of the ongoing debate about immigration. Bilingual children may face many difficulties, but in some aspects, they have the advantage. Works Cited Bialystok, E. (2007). Acquisition of Literacy in Bilingual Children: A Framework for Research. Language Learning, 57: Suppl. 1, 45-77 Carlson, S. M. , Meltzoff, A. N. (2008). â€Å"Bilingual Experience and Executive Functioning in Young Children. † Developmental Science. Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 282-298. Genesee, F. (2008). Bilingual Acquisition. Retrieved on April 23,2010, from http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_view. aspx? ArticleID=38 Tabors, P. Snow C. (2003). Young bilingual children and early literacy development. In S. B. Neuman D. K. Dickinson (Eds. ), Handbook of early literacy research (pp. 159-178). New York: The Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://books. google. com/books? hl=enlr=id=iDguatyRT_ACoi=fndpg=PA159dq=bilingual+children+have+delayed+language+developmentots=N5ysWJOWTnsig=cnsR9nhU5FVlfgKuFU3B_Bh6bt8#v=onepageq=bilingual%20children%20have%20delayed%20language%20developmentf=false Appendix 1. The Genesee and Tabors Snow articles came from using the Google search engine. The Bialystok and Carlson Meltzoff articles came from using EBSCO. Access to these databases was supplied by the University of California. 2. Search terms used were Bilingual-Children-Language-Development, entered all together for Google and for EBSCO, entered as Bilingual, Children, and Language Development as search terms for subject keyword and using the boolean â€Å"and†. 3. The Genesee article was on a website for early childhood education. It was specific to that website and was just one of the articles presented. It was a primary source. The Bialystok was a literature review of numerous studies, making it a secondary source. Both the Carlson Meltzoff and Tabors Snow articles were primary sources. They were reports of research studies that each set of authors conducted themselves.

Develop a Business Plan Before You Buy a Website :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Develop a Business Plan Before You Buy a Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com In recent years, I've written a number of business plans based on ideas I've had for various websites. Most of these ideas were small, but I learned a great deal just writing the plans. I didn't proceed with those websites because either the market or cash flow wouldn't support them. However, the only way for me to know this was by writing the plans. Completing the initial plan for my current website was time-consuming. I spent about 40 hours over a three-week period researching and writing it. It's a living document, since I revise it every month or two. Free Web resources, plus word-processing and Excel spreadsheet software, allowed me to create a unique plan. The resources I used included VotanWeb and the Small Business Administration's site. The business-planning software programs that provide templates to insert your information seemed "cookie cutter" and formulaic to me. They didn't seem to offer anything that wasn't free on the Web. The first half of a business plan is geared towards developing and supporting a business strategy. A website can face serious competition if the business concept is not creative. I critically examined my market, industry, customers and competitors. I reviewed the benefits of my current merchandise and tied them to customer needs. I visited my competitor’s websites to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and find opportunities they were neglecting. I asked myself: Is there a niche that allows me to compete less directly against similar websites? Can I use different sales or marketing pitches? Is there a secondary market that can help us grow? Can I position my websites in new ways that offer customers additional benefits? The Financial Picture A balance sheet shows a website's net worth and is prepared once annually. In my business plan, I also included a personal balance sheet that showed my personal financial commitment by documenting my own assets and liabilities. A cash-flow statement shows how much cash will be needed and when and where it will be generated. It examines cash and revenue sources, minus the business's expenses and capital requirements (a cash-flow statement differs from a profit-and-loss statement because it doesn't include when the revenue is collected or expenses paid). I show my cash flow going forward on a 12-month basis. This allows me to see when my cash flow might not be adequate to meet expenses and pull back on spending until it builds up again.

European Renaissance & Reformation

Chapter 1 European Renaissance & Reformation Unit 1 – Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance Revolution – the Italian Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that produced many great works of art & literature. Renaissance art & literature still influence modern thought & modern art. Renaissance – period of European history, 1300-1600, rebirth, a renewed interest in classical culture lead to changes in art, learning, & views of the world.Humanism – Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on studying classical texts, human potential & achievements. Secular – Renaissance society was worldly rather than spiritual & concerned with the ere & now. Patron – a person who supports artists, especially financially. Perspective – an artistic technique that creates the appearance of 3 dimensions on a flat surface.Vernacular – native language; the everyday language of people in a region or country. Italy's Advantages City-States Merchants & the Medici Looking to Greece & Rome Classical & Worldly Values Classics lead to humanism Worldly pleasures Patrons of the arts The Renaissance man The Renaissance woman The Renaissance Revolutionizes art Realistic painting & sculpture Leonardo, Renaissance Man Raphael advances realism Anguish & GentilesRenaissance writers change literature Patriarch & Vacation Machiavelli advises rulers Aviators Colonial Unit 2 – The Northern Renaissance Cultural interaction – in the sass, the ideas of the Italian Renaissance began to spread to Northern Europe Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong part of modern thought. Utopia – an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book â€Å"Utopia†, an ideal place William Shakespeare – most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age; born in 1562; liked the classics & drew on them for inspiration & plots.Johann Gutenberg – a craftsman from Mains, Germany, developed a printing pres s sing a number of technologies to make it possible to produce books quickly & cheaply; printed a complete Bible in 1455. Artistic ideas spread German painters Flemish painters Northern Writers try to reform society Christian humanists Women's reforms The Legacy of the Renaissance Changes in the arts Changes in society Unit 3 – Luther leads the Reformation Revolution – Martin Lather's protest over abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant churches.Nearly 1/5 of the Christians in today's world Causes of the Reformation Criticisms of the Catholic Church Early calls for reform Luther challenges the church The 95 theses re Protestants. Indulgence – a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. Reformation – 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority.Lather's teachings The response to Luther The Pope's threat The Emperor's opposition Lutheran à ¢â‚¬â€œ member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. The Peasants' Revolt Germany at War Protestant – member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation. Peace of Suburbs – a 1 555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. England becomes Protestant Henry VIII wants a son Annul – to cancel or set aside.The Reformation Parliament Consequences of Henrys Changes Elizabeth restores Protestantism Anglican – relating to the Church of England. Elizabeth faces other challenges Unit 4 – The Reformation Continues Religious & ethical systems – as Protestant reformers divided over beliefs, the Catholic Church made reforms. Many Protestant churches began during this period, and many Catholic schools are he result of reforms in the Church. Predestination Calvinist Theocracy Presbyterian Anabaptist Catholic Reformation Jesuits Council of Treats